Duncan's Model identifies two environmental dimensions. What are they?

• A. Environmental Change and Environmental Complexity
• B. Environmental Change and Environmental Uncertainty
• C. Environmental Complexity and Organizational Structure
• D. Environmental Uncertainty and Environmental Stability

Answer: (A)

Duncan's framework uses two environmental dimensions to describe how the outside world affects an organization: the rate of environmental change and the level of environmental complexity. The rate of change captures how quickly external conditions evolve, while complexity reflects how many factors matter and how interrelated they are. These two axes combine to shape different kinds of environments—rapid, complex changes demand more adaptive, flexible structures, whereas slow, simple conditions fit more stable, formal approaches. Although some texts talk about uncertainty as a separate idea, in Duncan’s model it arises from the interplay of change and complexity rather than being treated as one of the two dimensions. That’s why the pair Environmental Change and Environmental Complexity is the best answer.