Which feature characterizes the Action Research Model?

• A. Rigid, one-way implementation
• B. Continuous feedback loops
• C. No involvement with client
• D. Static environment

Answer: (B)

Action research is defined by iterative cycles of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting that involve those affected by the change. The continuous feedback loops are the hallmark because each cycle yields new data and insights, which guide the next round of action. This makes the process adaptive and collaborative, continually refining interventions based on real-world results and stakeholder input.

That adaptability contrasts with a rigid, one-way implementation, which would lock in a solution without learning or adjustment. It also runs counter to any approach that excludes client involvement or assumes a static environment, both of which would prevent the ongoing learning and refinement central to action research.