Which model includes four levels of change with levels Fine-Tuning, Incremental Adjustment, Modular Transformation, and Corporate Transformation?

• A. Dunphy and Stace Model
• B. Balogun and Hope-Hailey Model
• C. Kotter's Model
• D. Lewin's Model

Answer: (A)

Organizational change can vary in depth and scope, and the Dunphy and Stace model lays out four levels that describe how deeply an organization shifts its design and operations. The first level, Fine-Tuning, involves small tweaks to existing processes and structures to improve performance without changing the overall system. The next level, Incremental Adjustment, introduces more noticeable shifts in policies, roles, or workflows, still operating within the current framework but with greater alignment to new goals. Moving up, Modular Transformation reshapes one or more major modules of the organization—such as a key function, product line, or regional structure—without rewriting the entire organization. At the deepest level, Corporate Transformation entails a radical, organization-wide overhaul of strategy, culture, governance, and operating models. This four-level progression helps teams decide how extensive a change effort should be, based on the desired impact on the whole organization. Other models, like Lewin’s three-stage unfreeze-change-refreeze, Kotter’s eight-step process, or Balogun and Hope-Hailey’s frameworks, describe different approaches and do not use these four specific levels, making Dunphy and Stace’s four-tier structure the best fit for this description.