Which of the following describes the three types of change mentioned?

• A. Reorganization and restructuring, spinning off businesses, and selling the business.
• B. Mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures.
• C. Downsizing, outsourcing, and automation.
• D. Cultural change, digital transformation, and process improvement.

Answer: (A)

These three changes represent different levels of how a company transforms itself. Reorganization and restructuring changes the internal design and reporting relationships—that’s a structural shift. Spinning off businesses changes the company’s mix of holdings by creating a separate entity from a unit, which is a portfolio move. Selling the business completes a strategic exit, removing a unit from the company’s footprint altogether. Together they describe three distinct modes of significant change: internal structure, portfolio composition, and strategic footprint. Other options focus on growth, efficiency, or broader improvement efforts, but they don’t capture this trio of structural, portfolio, and strategic exits.